二十四节气 · The Twenty-Four Solar Terms
Èrshísì Jiéqì — Before clocks and calendars, a country told time by wind, rain and light.
Read the story
Every word shows its pinyin above the characters. The English translation follows each line.
在钟表和日历出现以前,中国人用二十四个节气来分辨时间。
Before clocks and calendars existed, Chinese people distinguished time by twenty-four solar terms.
它们把一年切成二十四段,每一段大约十五天。
They cut the year into twenty-four segments, each about fifteen days.
这些名字本身就像诗:立春、惊蛰、清明、芒种、霜降、大寒。
The names themselves read like poetry: Beginning of Spring, Waking of Insects, Clear and Bright, Grain in Ear, Frost's Descent, Great Cold.
惊蛰的意思是,春雷响了,冬眠的虫子被惊醒。
Waking of Insects means the spring thunder has sounded and the hibernating creatures are startled awake.
清明前后,种瓜点豆,农民知道该下地了。
Around Clear and Bright one sows melons and beans; the farmer knows it is time to go to the fields.
芒种是最忙的时候,要收麦子,又要插秧。
Grain in Ear is the busiest time: the wheat must be reaped and the rice seedlings transplanted.
霜降之后,天气转冷,树叶开始落下。
After Frost's Descent the weather turns cold and the leaves begin to fall.
每一个节气都对应着天上的位置和地上的农事。
Every solar term corresponds to a position in the sky and a task on the ground.
古人没有精密的仪器,靠的是一代代的观察和记忆。
The ancients had no precise instruments; they relied on generations of observation and memory.
他们把太阳走过的路,变成了可以背诵的句子。
They turned the path the sun travelled into sentences that could be recited.
今天大多数人不再种地,节气似乎离生活远了。
Today most people no longer farm, and the solar terms seem remote from daily life.
可是每到冬至,北方人还是会包饺子。
Yet whenever Winter Solstice comes, northerners still wrap dumplings.
每到清明,人们仍旧会去给祖先扫墓。
Whenever Clear and Bright comes, people still go to sweep their ancestors' graves.
天气预报比节气准确得多,但节气里有别的东西。
Weather forecasts are far more accurate than the solar terms, but the terms hold something else.
它提醒我们,时间不是数字,而是风、雨和光的变化。
They remind us that time is not a number but the changing of wind, rain and light.
二零一六年,二十四节气被列入了世界非物质文化遗产。
In 2016 the twenty-four solar terms were inscribed as world intangible cultural heritage.
Vocabulary in this story (133 words)
| Word | Pinyin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 在 | zài | before |
| 钟表 | zhōngbiǎo | clocks |
| 和 | hé | and |
| 日历 | rìlì | calendars |
| 出现 | chūxiàn | appeared |
| 以前 | yǐqián | before |
| 中国人 | Zhōngguó rén | Chinese people |
| 用 | yòng | used |
| 二十四个 | èrshísì ge | twenty-four |
| 节气 | jiéqì | solar terms |
| 来 | lái | to |
| 分辨 | fēnbiàn | distinguish |
| 时间 | shíjiān | time |
| 它们 | tāmen | they |
| 把 | bǎ | (object marker) |
| 一年 | yì nián | the year |
| 切成 | qiē chéng | cut into |
| 二十四段 | èrshísì duàn | twenty-four segments |
| 每一段 | měi yí duàn | each segment |
| 大约 | dàyuē | about |
| 十五天 | shíwǔ tiān | fifteen days |
| 这些 | zhèxiē | these |
| 名字 | míngzi | names |
| 本身 | běnshēn | themselves |
| 就 | jiù | simply |
| 像 | xiàng | read like |
| 诗 | shī | poetry |
| 立春 | lìchūn | Beginning of Spring |
| 惊蛰 | jīngzhé | Waking of Insects |
| 清明 | qīngmíng | Clear and Bright |
| 芒种 | mángzhòng | Grain in Ear |
| 霜降 | shuāngjiàng | Frost's Descent |
| 大寒 | dàhán | Great Cold |
| 的 | de | (of) |
| 意思 | yìsi | the meaning |
| 是 | shì | is |
| 春雷 | chūnléi | the spring thunder |
| 响了 | xiǎng le | has sounded |
| 冬眠 | dōngmián | hibernating |
| 虫子 | chóngzi | the insects |
| 被 | bèi | are |
| 惊醒 | jīngxǐng | startled awake |
| 前后 | qiánhòu | around |
| 种瓜 | zhòng guā | one sows melons |
| 点豆 | diǎn dòu | and plants beans |
| 农民 | nóngmín | the farmer |
| 知道 | zhīdào | knows |
| 该 | gāi | it is time to |
| 下地 | xià dì | go to the fields |
| 了 | le | (now) |
| 最忙 | zuì máng | the busiest |
| 时候 | shíhou | time |
| 要 | yào | one must |
| 收 | shōu | reap |
| 麦子 | màizi | the wheat |
| 又 | yòu | and also |
| 插秧 | chā yāng | transplant rice seedlings |
| 之后 | zhīhòu | after |
| 天气 | tiānqì | the weather |
| 转冷 | zhuǎn lěng | turns cold |
| 树叶 | shùyè | the leaves |
| 开始 | kāishǐ | begin |
| 落下 | luò xià | to fall |
| 每一个 | měi yí ge | every |
| 都 | dōu | all |
| 对应着 | duìyìng zhe | corresponds to |
| 天上 | tiān shàng | in the sky |
| 位置 | wèizhi | a position |
| 地上 | dì shàng | on the ground |
| 农事 | nóngshì | farm work |
| 古人 | gǔrén | the ancients |
| 没有 | méiyǒu | had no |
| 精密 | jīngmì | precise |
| 仪器 | yíqì | instruments |
| 靠 | kào | relied on |
| 一代代 | yí dài dài | generation after generation |
| 观察 | guānchá | observation |
| 记忆 | jìyì | memory |
| 他们 | tāmen | they |
| 太阳 | tàiyáng | the sun |
| 走过 | zǒu guò | travelled |
| 路 | lù | the path |
| 变成 | biàn chéng | turned into |
| 可以 | kěyǐ | that could |
| 背诵 | bèisòng | be recited |
| 句子 | jùzi | sentences |
| 今天 | jīntiān | today |
| 大多数人 | dà duōshù rén | most people |
| 不再 | bú zài | no longer |
| 种地 | zhòng dì | farm |
| 似乎 | sìhū | seem |
| 离 | lí | from |
| 生活 | shēnghuó | daily life |
| 远了 | yuǎn le | to have grown distant |
| 可是 | kěshì | yet |
| 每到 | měi dào | whenever it reaches |
| 冬至 | dōngzhì | Winter Solstice |
| 北方人 | běifāng rén | northerners |
| 还是 | háishi | still |
| 会 | huì | will |
| 包 | bāo | wrap |
| 饺子 | jiǎozi | dumplings |
| 人们 | rénmen | people |
| 仍旧 | réngjiù | still |
| 去 | qù | go |
| 给 | gěi | for |
| 祖先 | zǔxiān | their ancestors |
| 扫墓 | sǎomù | to sweep the graves |
| 天气预报 | tiānqì yùbào | weather forecasts |
| 比 | bǐ | than |
| 准确 | zhǔnquè | accurate |
| 得多 | de duō | far more |
| 但 | dàn | but |
| 节气里 | jiéqì lǐ | within the terms |
| 有 | yǒu | there is |
| 别的 | bié de | other |
| 东西 | dōngxi | something |
| 它 | tā | they |
| 提醒 | tíxǐng | remind |
| 我们 | wǒmen | us |
| 不是 | bú shì | is not |
| 数字 | shùzì | a number |
| 而是 | ér shì | but rather |
| 风 | fēng | wind |
| 雨 | yǔ | rain |
| 光 | guāng | light |
| 变化 | biànhuà | the changing |
| 二零一六年 | èr líng yī liù nián | in 2016 |
| 二十四节气 | èrshísì jiéqì | the twenty-four solar terms |
| 列入 | liè rù | inscribed into |
| 世界 | shìjiè | world |
| 非物质 | fēi wùzhì | intangible |
| 文化遗产 | wénhuà yíchǎn | cultural heritage |